![]() Bagrat had a peaceful foreign policy, successfully avoiding conflicts with the Byzantines and nearby Muslim realms, even though some of David's territory, such as Tao and Tbilisi, remained in Byzantine and Arab control, respectively. īagrat's reign secured a victory for the Bagratids of Georgia, ending the power-struggles that had plagued the region for centuries. In order to secure the throne for his son, George I of Georgia, Bagrat tricked his cousins into a meeting and imprisoned them, and his cousins' children fled to Constantinople, where they requested the aid of the Byzantine Empire to take back their patrimonial land. Bagrat also reduced the autonomy of dynastic princes to stabilize his realm, with his fears focusing on the Klarjeti line of the Bagrationi. In his early reign, Bagrat pressed a claim to the kingdom of Khakheti-Hereti to the east, and annexed it in 1010. Gurgen died in 1008, leaving his throne for Bagrat, allowing Bagrat to become the first king of a unified Abkhazia and Iberia. In 978, the Abkhazian aristocracy, dissatisfied with the rule of Theodosius, performed a coup d'état and invited Bagrat to claim the throne of Abkhazia. During this time, the Kingdom of Abkhazia in what is today northeastern Georgia was under the rule of Theodosius the Blind, who did away with Abkhazian traditions. In 975, supported by the Duke of Kartli Ivane Marushisdze and David, Bagrat claimed the throne of Kartli, : 108 becoming King of the Kartlians. In 994, Gurgen was crowned King of the Iberians. Main article: Unification of the Georgian realm A fresco of King Bagrat III from Bedia Cathedral Map of the Caucasus region and surrounding areas at 1000 AD, before the death of David III.ĭuring the 10th century, David III of Tao invaded the Duchy of Kartli, giving it to his adopted son, who would later be known as Bagrat III of Georgia, with his biological father, Gurgen of Iberia, as regent. History Unification of the Georgian State The church language was changed from Greek to Georgian. The Georgian Church broke away from Constantinople in the 9th century, instead recognizing the authority of the Catholicate of Mtskheta. This successful defense along with increasing struggles against Byzantium helped lead to a process of unification of the Georgian states into a single feudal monarchy. In 736, Marwan ibn Muhammad's invasion of Georgia was repelled by Abkhazians, Lazic and Iberian allies. The main branch controlled Tao, while another controlled Klarjeti. The Bagrationi dynasty was unable to maintain their kingdom, and it was divided between the three branches of the family. By 888, they had gained control of the central Georgian land, Kartli, and restored the Iberian kingship. They established the Kouropalatate of Iberia as a nominal vassal of the Byzantine Empire. Iberian princes from the Bagrationi dynasty fought against the Arab occupation and came to rule the Tao-Klarjeti region. The area then fell under the control of the early Muslim conquests of the 7th century. ![]() Main articles: Arab rule in Georgia and Bagratid IberiaĮarly Georgian kingdoms were reduced to feudal regions over the course of the Roman–Persian wars. This whole series of events also led to the final collapse of the kingdom into anarchy by 1466 and the mutual recognition of its constituent kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti as independent states between 14-each led by a rival branch of the Bagrationi dynasty, and into five semi-independent principalities- Odishi, Guria, Abkhazia, Svaneti, and Samtskhe. As a result of these processes, by the end of the 15th century Georgia turned into a fractured entity. The Kingdom's geopolitical situation further worsened after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of Trebizond by the Ottoman Turks. The following decades were marked by the Black Death, as well as numerous invasions under the leadership of Timur, who devastated the country's economy, population, and urban centers. Lasting for several centuries, the kingdom fell to the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, but managed to re-assert sovereignty by the 1340s. It was the principal historical precursor of present-day Georgia. Georgia became one of the pre-eminent nations of the Christian East and its pan- Caucasian empire and network of tributaries stretching from Eastern Europe to Anatolia and northern frontiers of Iran, while also maintaining religious possessions abroad, such as the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem and the Monastery of Iviron in Greece. ![]() It reached its Golden Age of political and economic strength during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar the Great from the 11th to 13th centuries. The Kingdom of Georgia ( Georgian: საქართველოს სამეფო, romanized: sakartvelos samepo), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in c.
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